宝天曼植物群落物种多样性研究

对宝天曼保护区植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明 ,物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数在群落梯度上的分布趋势基本一致 ,较好地反映了不同植物群落类型在物种组成方面的差异。草本层物种丰富度指数明显高于乔木层和灌木层 ,草本层物种丰富度指数在群落梯度上的变异最大 ,灌木层次之 ,乔木层最小。乔木层物种多样性指数小于灌木层和草本层 ,草本层和乔木层物种多样性指数在群落梯度上的变异程度明显大于灌木层。灌木层物种均匀度指数大于乔木层和草本层 ,草本层和乔木层均匀度指数在群落梯度上的变异程度大于灌木层。物种丰富度指数和多样性指数的较大值出现在高海拔和低海拔群落 ,较小值多出现在中等海拔群落。物种均匀度指数的较小值多出现在中等海拔群落 ,但其较大值在各海拔群落都有分布。草本层物种丰富度指数和多样性指数的较高值多分布在低海拔群落 ,较小值多分布在中等海拔群落 ;乔木层和灌木层的各种指数以及草本层的物种均匀度指数在海拔梯度上的分布规律不明显     

Flash chromatography on cartridges for the separation of plant extracts: Rules for the selection of chromatographic conditions and comparison with medium pressure liquid chromatography

Empirical rules for the selection of chromatographic conditions on flash chromatography cartridges were developed, with an emphasis on gradient mode. These rules were then tested with separation of extracts from important medicinal plants including Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Piper nigrum and Salvia milthiorrhiza. Sepacore® cartridges enabled a good separation of compounds with a broad range of polarity, as typically found in plant extracts. The chromatographic resolution remained, however, lower than that achieved on classical columns packed with material of smaller particle size. For poorly soluble extracts, solid introduction gave better results than liquid injection.     

有机物和激素对四倍体刺槐微体快繁的影响

研究了水解乳蛋白(LH)，蔗糖，BA，NAA和IBA等物质对四倍体刺槐嫩梢增殖倍数、嫩梢长度以及根诱导的影响。结果表明，增殖时的适宜BA浓度为0．5mg／L，NAA浓度为0．05mg／L，蔗糖浓度为30g／L，增加LH有利于提高增殖倍数。根诱导用NAA为好，适宜的浓度为0．5～1．0mg／L。     

Vegetation dynamics in burnt heather-gorse shrublands under different grazing management with sheep and goats

Vegetation dynamics in previously burnt shrublands dominated by gorse (Ulex gallii) in north-west Spain were studied during 4 years under different grazing managements with sheep (Gallega breed) and goats (Cashmere or local breed). Initially (Period 1), treatments consisted of sheep or goat grazing on four plots (two replicates). After two grazing seasons, the plots were split in two and the treatments were reversed in four of the subplots; sheep were placed in subplots previously grazed by goats and vice versa (Period 2). The results from Period 1 showed that goats control the regrowth of gorse (from 19.6 to 14.2% of cover) more effectively than sheep (17.8 to 27.0% cover; P < 0.05), favouring the increase in herbaceous plants (from 21.5 to 42.1% of cover under goat grazing and from 22.1 to 26.6% under sheep grazing; P < 0.01). In Period 2, after changing treatments, there was a clear effect of the previous management (P < 0.01), conditioning the dynamics of the different plant components. Where the same animal species were maintained for 4 years, the differences between sheep or goat grazing on gorse and herbaceous plant dynamics increased (24.4% of gorse and 35.2% of herbaceous plant cover under goat grazing vs 43.8% of gorse cover and 19.1% of herbaceous plant cover under sheep grazing). Animal species change buffered the differences between sheep and goats during the second Period.     

不同植被恢复模式土壤结构特征与健康评价

对湘西女儿寨流域不同植被恢复类型的土壤结构特征研究和健康评价的结果表明:荒草灌丛容重最高,人工林土壤容重高于天然林及混交林;对土壤孔隙状况的改善作用表现为林分类型优于荒草灌丛类型,天然林优于人工林,0~20 cm土层优于20~40 cm土层;土壤团聚体平均重量直径以油桐人工林、杜仲人工林最高,马尾松天然林、毛竹杉木混交林其次,而润楠次生林、荒草灌丛、杉木人工林较低;各层土壤团聚体分形维数值大小排序为:毛竹杉木混交林>马尾松天然林>荒草灌丛、润楠次生林>杜仲人工林>油桐人工林>杉木人工林;土壤结构健康综合评价的灰色关联分析结果表明,土壤结构以荒草灌丛最差,油桐人工林最好,其余类型介于两者之间.研究结果可为女儿寨流域及我国类似生态脆弱区的植被恢复与重建提供一定依据和参考.     

深根植物对埋地天然气输气管沥青涂层的影响

本文通过对四川、重庆两地所管辖区域的天燃气输气管线上24个树种及其根系的调查,并对其109个不同深度的探坑数据的统计分析认为:输气管的埋地深度大于100cm,植物根系对其影响较小;深度在100cm内时,影响较大。植物距管线越近,其影响危害越大。不同土壤的埋地深度的影响为沙土>壤土>粘土。     

林木施肥与营养诊断

70年代以来,林木施肥与营养诊断,在恢复提高人工林林地肥力方面取得了很大进展,合理施肥已成为定向培育短轮伐期工业用材林重要技术措施。开展系统施肥网营养诊断研究是进行合理施肥、提高肥效的前提。土壤分析、植物组织分析与田间试验是主要营养诊断手段,由于诊断方法还存在一些技术问题,故在指导林地施肥方面尚受一定限制。本文对林木施肥研究历史、生产应用趋势和有关问题作了扼要评述。应用综合环境因子来研究营养诊断,开展系统定位试验,制定按树种的合理施肥方案。     

无机盐质量浓度及激素配比对四倍体刺槐组织培养苗生根的影响

在四倍体刺槐试管苗的生根培养阶段,诱导愈伤组织形成根原基,主要取决于6-BA和NAA的质量浓度配比。试验结果表明,在生根培养过程中,单加NAA0．3mg／L,可使组织培养苗发根早,根系发达,须根多,最终能形成完整的健壮植株;当培养基采用低无机盐质量浓度的Ms培养基即l／2MS时,试管苗发根早,且根多而粗壮。     

深圳城市公园植物典型配置模式初探

深圳城市公园生境多样,景观类型丰富,造景水平较高;通过对深圳城市公园植物配置实用模式的调查研究,分析了应用植物种类的选择,总结提炼了18种典型的景观单元配置模式,并提出有利于今后发展的相关工作建议。     

湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落物种多样性研究

通过对湘中丘陵区石栎（Ｌｉｔｈｏｃａｒｐｕｓｇｌａｂｅｒ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｎａｋａｉ）混交林群落调查．利用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ和Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ多样性指数及相应的均匀度和种间相遇机率．对其群落物种的多样性进行了初步研究．结果表明：湘中丘陵区石栎混交林群落乔木层与下木层的Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数分别为１．１８４和３．１９７；Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ多样性指数分别为０．６２４和０．８１４；种间相遇机率分别为０．６２５和０．８１４；均匀度分别为４５．８０％和６３．９４％．乔木层第Ⅰ亚层多样性指数低于第Ⅱ亚层；群落的物种多样性是时间和空间的函数．